Most patients with glioblastoma, the same brain cancer Sen. John McCain has, begin their medical treatment with radiation and chemotherapy. Many times, however, the cancer returns.

What are patients’ options after all known treatments have failed? The answer could be in one of dozens of clinical trials throughout the country looking for new ways to fight cancer.

Immunotherapy, vaccines, medications and a combination of these treatments are being studied.

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Yemaya Lyles (right) wipes away tears during a news conference in front of the Rockdale County Public Schools administration building on Tuesday, Dec. 19, 2023. Lyles' son, Antonio, was assaulted by a paraprofessional, who has since been fired and charged with battery. Lyles says her case against the school district has dragged on since then. (Miguel Martinez/AJC 2023)

Credit: Miguel Martinez